The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.